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A Review of JEDP Theory of the Pentateuch April 15, 2009

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J: (Jahwist) uses the term “YHWH” for God most commonly. It’s anthropomorphic, anthropocentric, involves vibrant storytelling, and is very creative.

E: (Elohist) uses the term Elohim for God most commonly. It is incorporating other traditions and/or redacting the J tradition.

D: (Deuteronomic) seems to be an early stage of the deuteronomic tradition, in which God is about fear, love, and obedience.

P: (Priestly) is concerned with cultic matters, most notably the rules for priests and the temple.

It is believed that these traditions were combined during the post-exilic period.

Meek and Gentle March 29, 2009

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“Fortunate are the gentle, for they shall inherit the earth.”
–Q11

“The most famous passage in this Sermon on the Mount has always been translated as “the meek shall inherit the earth.” Actually, the Greek word proates means “gentle but strong” and connotes strength that is under control and tinged with a spirit of caring.”
–Marcus Borg

Short Notes March 24, 2009

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Luke is an apology to a Roman magistrate.

Matthew is doctrine.

Mark is a story.

John is an apology against Docetism.

Rapture theology comes from a Biblical passage that is about imprisonment.

Too many people think, when studying scripture, “God will reveal all.” It’s a very Protestant idea that’s all fine and dandy when it’s about Biblical layering, but we need to note those layers. The history and linguistic nuances are part of those layers. God might show you unique ways of experiencing scripture, but God’s not going to teach you history and Greek.

Jesus March 18, 2009

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What are some of the traditional titles used for Jesus?

lord, savior, Christ, messiah

How is the use of the word “Lord” (kyrios) ironic?

It was an imperial word… it was used to contrast who Jesus was with the caesar.

Why is an emphasis on believing the right things a distortion of what Jesus was on about?

Because Jesus’ ministry focused on love, acceptance, inclusion, and forgiveness.

Eucharist and Agape Meals March 14, 2009

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Eucharist and Agape Meals
Eucharist, translated, means “thanksgiving.”

Originally, the Eucharist was practiced as a communal meal, as the depictions of the Last Supper in the gospels suggest. Early Christians shared a meal, confessed their sins, and had the Eucharist– the meal that unified them in the body of Christ. There was a mysticism attached to this ritual; the Eucharist is a mystical union of believers, somewhere in the middle of Catholic and Protestant intentionality regarding communion today.

Consider this Eucharistic blessing, found in the pages of the Didache, the oldest surviving Christian catechism:

“We give thanks to you, our Father, in behalf of the holy vine of David your child, whom you made known to us through Jesus your child, to you the glory into the ages”
“We give thanks to you, our Father, in behalf of the life and knowledge, of whom you made known to us through Jesus your child, to you the glory into the ages. As this which is fragments, while being scattered upon the hills and brought together became one, so the church shall be gathered together from the limits of the earth into your kingdom, because yours is the glory and the power through Jesus Christ into the ages”
–Didache, 9.2-5

It captures the mysticism of this Christian community, joined together through time and space through the ritual of the Eucharist.

Early Christians also held agape meals, which were basically giant potlucks to feed their religious community and whoever else might need nourishment. It was true embodiment of the movement’s redefinition of “neighbor.”

Crowds came from Jerusalem and Judea and the regions around the Jordan River to be baptized by John. He said to them, “Brood of vipers, who warned you to flee from the impending doom? Produce good fruit. Prove that your hearts are really changed. Do not think of saying to yourselves, ‘We are Abraham’s children’ because, I tell you, God can produce children for Abraham right out of these rocks. Even now the axe is aimed at the roots of the trees, so that any tree that fails to produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown on the fire.”
The crowds asked him, “So what shall we do?”
He answered them, “Whoever has two shirts must share with someone who has none. Whoever has food should do the same.”
–Q2

So often we think, I’m a nice person.. Jesus spoke words of truth when he reminded us that everyone is nice to their own friends and family. Rapists and thieves, after all, have friends. The test of Christian faith, I believe, is whether we put it into action– whether we are being nice to more than just our friends and family and giving to more than just our friends and family. Christianity’s intent is to extend our circles of compassion beyond those we might naturally be drawn to love. After all, there is nothing extraordinary about loving and being good to one’s friends and family… pretty much everyone does. Christianity calls us to, as Bishop Spong worded it, “love wastefully.”

And be a simplllllllllllllllle kind of man.

The Prayer of Jesus

Loving God, in whom is heaven.
May your name be honored everywhere.
May your kin-dom come,
May the desire of Your heart for the world be done,
In us, by us and through us.
Give us the bread we need for each day.
Forgive us. Enable us to forgive others.
Keep us from all anxiety and fear.
For You reign in the power that comes from love which is Your glory, forever and ever. Amen.

(re-worded prayer from the Sophia community)

I believe the translation intends to portray the panentheistic Nature of God by playing on the words of our traditional translations by saying “in whom is Heaven” and shows how the pursuit of God is heavenly and gives heavenly light to the souls of those who pursue God.

This was used in a Sophia Community (Catholic) service. By kin-dom, I believe the translator intends to convey an idea that “Kingdom” is truly achieved when it becomes “kin-dom,” which is to say when we treat all members of the human family as true family.

And that does it for today, I think.

You are the body of Christ. You are the blood of Christ. Go into the world and be the hands and feet of God. See with God’s eyes and open yourself to the Holy Spirit as it lures you toward justice, compassion, and peace.

Metaphor and Literalism March 14, 2009

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How might reading the Bible metaphorically and understanding the Bible as a human product work together in interpreting Jesus for today?

To understand the Bible metaphorically frees it to be placed within the context of today. The Bible was written for a very different audience than exists today. Understanding it as a human product also frees it from dogma. To recognize the Bible as a work that has potential for flaw helps us understand the flaw in treating it as something exempt from logical criticism.

salvation March 12, 2009

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What’s your understanding of our need for “salvation” and its relationship to the doctrine of original sin?

I think of these in terms of my shadow self. I believe that original sin is a flawed description, but I believe that we each have the potential to do a tremendous amount of evil. Jesus is the exemplary form, and in following him, I “save” myself from my harmful tendencies.

Jesus March 5, 2009

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I’m going to post some questions from “A Course on Chistianity,” which was offered by a former minister at my church, and my answers to them. Here’s the first one, which is probably fitting:

What do the inconsistencies between the Gospel accounts of Jesus’ life suggest about the way we should interpret not only the text, but the meaning of Jesus’ life?

The inconsistencies, for me, show that there were different understandings of what Jesus’ life and ministry meant. People found different aspects of his legacy important and formed different interpretations of his person because of it. This parallels our view of the scriptures… people find different stories meaningful. People translate the text differently. Because of this, none of us should be so arrogant as to claim that our understandings can be more or less meaningful or authoritative than someone else’s.

notes on notes February 28, 2009

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“A text without a context is a pretext.” –Brent Walters

What I find astounding is how people can read through the Bible and take it at face value and think they’ve learned something. This is what disgusts me about a lot of American Christianity– it’s ignorant. Yes, there is something you can gain just by reading those words (although you are reading a pretty crap English translation, but that’s neither here nor there), but the layers of Biblical meaning are so intricate and sometimes hard to find that you’re cutting yourself short if you’re not coming at it from every angle possible.

The Bible was written in Hebrew and Greek. Our English translations are not only biased, but oftentimes simply literal translations. Religious scripture is not like translating “see Jane run.” Scripture has metaphorical value, poetic value, and allegorical value (among others) which are lost with literal translations. That’s why scholarly research and cultural understanding is important.

For example During Jesus’ trial, Jesus tells John that he will betray him [x times, depending on version] before the cock crows. If we read that at face value, we’re imagining some rooster chillin’ in Jerusalem. However, if you understand the context, you know that 1) the “cock crow” was a term for a horn which signaled the switching of guards in the city and 2) there’s no way there would be a rooster running around in Jerusalem because it’s a holy city and such unclean animals were not allowed within its gates. In the context of this story, “before the cock crows” meant: “before midnight.” This is a small misunderstanding that is the result of ignorance on the part of translators, but imagine how many other times this happens (hello, the Bible’s kinda big) and how many other situations where that translation error could hold a lot more weight. The creation story is a shining example of this type of problem.

ANYWAY. Reading the Bible is hard work, if you do it right. Because a text without a context is a pretext, and scrounging up the context for a 2000-year-old work (much more if we’re using Hebrew Scriptures) requires consulting a lot of different fields of study and the works of many scholars.

I am ranting about all of this because I re-read the first chapter of John, which we all know and love, right. “In the beginning, there was the Word…”

Some time ago, in a class on Koine Greek, we went over this passage in the original language. It comes out a little differently: “In beginning was the logos and the logos was towards God, and God was the logos. This one was in beginning toward the God.”

Logos is a loaded term. It’s generally translated “word,” but that translation is a diservice to its meaning. Logos, as it was understood by those writing these texts, was more than just a word, it was a promise, and accounting, the logical implication of a divine order. Now, isn’t that more fun?

“you’re not a christian” January 31, 2009

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While I don’t subscribe to most of the dogmas commonly associated with Christianity, I am certainly a Christian. I will be going to seminary, I have been baptized, I attend church, I read the Christian scriptures, I say The Lord’s Prayer, I take communion, my denomination is United Church of Christ, I am a Congregationalist (religious descendent of Puritans), I pray, and I wear a crucifix around my neck every day. As a student of Comparative Religion, I can tell you that what I am doing is indeed “Christianity.” The difference is that I am not a Christian the way most understand Christians.

I say I am not “saved.” What does Humanity need to be saved from? This is bankrupt language. I am not working from a framework that presupposes innate human corruption. Jesus is Hope and we will achieve salvation not by a death on the cross but by creating a world where all can live in Love and Peace, where there are no hungry or homeless because no one will let it be so. We will be saved by living in Jesus’ ministry, not his death.

I say I don’t believe in Hell and I am an agnostic about Heaven. Why do I need to believe in an afterlife? Do you know that there is no “Hell” as Westerners think of it in the Hebrew or Greek Bibles? It is in the English translation, though. Does King James have more authority than the orignal Biblical authors? “Hell” is a poor translation of other physical locations that literally existed on this physical planet and of Jewish concepts that we seem to be entirely ignorant of. This is why scholarship is important to religion… because if we truly are seeking to understand the word, it is not right to read it so superficially. If I claim the Bible as my sacred text, I owe it to God to study it as deeply as I can.

Other Christians who tell me I am not Christian strike a defensive chord in me. Under whose authority are people deciding I am not Christian? The Pope? Jesus himself? (Does he talk to you like he talks to President Bush?) I can just as easily claim my own subjective encounters as validating my practice and beliefs. What gives your interpretation more value than mine?

I have studied religion extensively and will spend my Life studying it deeper. When I was younger, my views were more conservative-leaning and Evangelistic. However, my understanding has progressed to an understanding of scripture as more complicated and layered. I refuse to cheapen my experience with scripture or divine presence by simplifying it. The changes my studies have brought to my faith are beautiful and I would never abandon them in order to homogenize my faith with Evangelical Christianity.

zoo December 27, 2008

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So a couple of weeks ago, the 20/30s group from CCSM went to the San Francisco Zoo.
It was a lot of fun. Steve, one of our ministers, thought the zoo idea was kind of hokey, I think. Hello, the zoo was awesome, though. Apparently some retarded people gave the SF zoo bad reviews online. The SF zoo isn’t the most amazing zoo ever, but it’s still pretty awesome.
I brought my roommate with me. She’s always a nice addition :)
We also brought a couple of our other friends. Norm, who obeys zoo rules quite well:
And Cody, who is a Jew:
My church likes Jews because we need them for the rapture. JUST KIDDING. My church doesn’t embrace rapture theology. Because it’s not biblical. And also because it’s ridiculous.
Anyway, the zoo was super fun. Here are some of the more awesome animals:
Tigers are awesome because they are fierce. I don’t mean fierce like Sasha Fierce, because let’s be real– that’s not fierce at all. This tiger hella wanted to eat us. That is fucking fierce. There is nothing fierce about singing pop music in spandex.
This is a speckled bear. Speckled bears are some of the cutest darn animals EVER. I am going to get one as a pet. Flo says as long as I keep it in my room, it’s go. Haha.
This is a polar bear. It was next to other polar bears that are that shade of white one expects when thinking “polar bear.” Jenn told Steve that polar bears get progressively darker as they age, which he actually bought. Silly Steven.
Silly Steven indeed.
So, ladies and gentlemen, that is Steve, the Minister of Programming and Outreach at my congregation. He’s slightly insane, but he’s pretty awesome.
My favorite part of the zoo is the penguins, of course. We arrived at the penguin exhibit shortly after they were fed, which was slightly lame because a) we didn’t get to see them getting fed and b) they were lazier, having been fed. So they weren’t jumping around in the water and making a bunch of noises, like they often times are. They were still adorable.
One of the cool things about the SF Zoo is that they have peacocks that run around the grounds. They roam and chill and eat food out of childrens’ hands. We also saw a few baby peacocks running around after their mommies. It was kind of adorable. Seeing little kids interact with those birds was kind of awesome.
Florence and I took a picture on these stone lions. I think it’s kind of awesome. Flo said I should take the back lion. “Seriously?” I asked. That rock was a little high up for a shorty like myself. “It’s because you climb trees,” she said. She was right. I got up no problemo.

Florence and I are a pretty cool pair. She even hugs me in photographs where everyone else is standing normally, so that we actually do like the lesbian life partners we joke about being.


The SF zoo also houses 2 grizzly bears. For those of you foreigners (and by foreigners I mean people out-of-state who might not know about California and Californians who don’t know about California), California’s state flag has a grizzly on it. Unfortunately, the population of grizzly bears in California has been completely wiped out. The SF zoo recently obtained these beautiful animals. They are the only 2 living in our state.


This is a gorilla. He made of of the pimpest poses I have ever seen. They looked all savage sitting there, staring at us as. “Whatever, I could take a gorilla,” I said, jokingly. To my surprise, a couple of my friends agreed. Do I really seem that vicious? No.


The giraffes are also cool. It’s funny to see them bend down to drink water. It seems like such a project.


My friends take some pretty cool pictures. Florence and Cody look like they are too cool for school. It’s like they planned it or something (they didn’t).

Florence and I also took this ridiculous picture. “Christmas cards!” she exclaimed afterward. I hope she’s not serious.

Also, anteaters are pretty bomb. Steve said if he were God, he would have given anteaters peacock tails, because then they’d really look cool. Oh, Steve, that is why you are not God. Those poor anteaters would have such cold bums.


We also got to see the otters mating. I don’t have a picture of that.

All in all, super awesome day, added into what was a super awesome week-and-a-half of awesomeness.

sermon on giving December 6, 2008

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The Sunday after I returned from New Orleans, I spoke as part of my minister’s sermon. Should you care to listen to the sermon, you can find it here

life is weird November 28, 2008

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Sunday back

So today was weird. I woke up and my life was dragging. And dragging.

I went to church. I spoke as part of Penny’s sermon. It was hard. Apparently people responded really well. A lot of people had good feedback. My mom came to church and I think she really enjoyed the service.

I spent the rest of the day at my parents’ house. I talked to them a lot. My dad said he’d been thinking about volunteering.

I asked for a trip back to LowerNine.org for Christmas. I don’t know that I’ll get it, but maybe I’ll get help.

I’m starting to feel better again. As I spoke today, as I talked to people after church, as I talked to my parents tonight, I was spreading it. I was doing something again.

I just know I need to keep doing things like this. I am thinking about trying to find an organization in the Tenderloin where I can help my community here in San Francisco.

I saw a shooting star on the drive home tonight.

disorganized thought in an airport November 22, 2008

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The easiest thing. So many of us major in things that will lead to this or that. We get jobs to pay the bills. We do with our lives things that we think will bring us joy. A vacation in Hawaii? That most certainly brought me joy, but the type of joy I experienced in the people of the Lower Ninth Ward was an entirely different animal. The happiest people I met were those that woke up early each morning to break their backs. Git Er Done. It may be easy to become frustrated knowing how much more efficiently things can be done… The money, the material, and skills are lacking, yet each day, things get done. You do the best you can… and that means something entirely different from the context I normally think of it in.

Giving here is not work. It’s Life. It is times when I am giving that I am giving that I know I’m alive. My back hurts and my knee pinches and my heart is full and I know I’m alive.

All I seem to think about it how I’m going to get back there.

Comfort. I believe I sang. And I am alive.

Please God, let your spirit stay alive in me and in the Lower Ninth.

While the frustrations compound, there is no sense of resignation.

You are what you give. I think of identifying myself in a lot of ways in life… a liberal, a Christian, a woman, a student. Neither “builder” nor “painter” have ever really made it onto that list.

“What Tourists Don’t See” from rick prose on Vimeo.

understanding the bible October 31, 2008

Posted by relsdork in God, bible, christian, religion, scripture, struggle.
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It is easy to think that we can understand the Bible. We can all read, right? I believe that there is a layering of meaning, a multitude of meanings, existing simultaneously. While it’s easy to take the word at face value, I don’t believe it to be the best approach to the Bible… especially since (and I presume you are reading an English translation) our translations are profoundly lacking.

 

Comparative Religious Studies has opened my eyes in a different way to the complexity of religion and its history. It is my experience that has brought me to my own interpretation of faith, just as it is your experience that has brought you to where you are.

 

I respect endeavors to love God and walk with Jesus. It is my goal to do the same, though I may see this path differently than most Christians.